Tuerkisch fuer Anfaenger (TV show) (Advanced): Family dinner part1 S02E01

💬 fertig means both "ready" and "finished". Ich bin fertig can mean "I'm done" or "I'm exhausted".

🇩🇪 At a German table people often wait until someone says Guten Appetit! before starting to eat. Reply with Danke, gleichfalls! "Thanks, you too!".

💬 German says you "have hunger" rather than "are hungry", and this is far more natural than Ich bin hungrig. Same pattern: Ich habe Durst "I'm thirsty".

💬 mir "to me" goes before the thing being passed, and reichen waits until the end. Swap in anything: Kannst du mir das Wasser reichen? "Can you pass me the water?".

💬 To ask someone you call du to do something, drop du and the ending: reichen becomes reich. Likewise geben "to give" becomes gib mir bitte….

💬 To say "not" with a noun, use kein instead of nicht: Ich trinke keinen Alkohol "I don't drink alcohol".

💬 sich changes with the person arguing: wir streiten uns "we argue", ihr streitet euch "you all argue".

💬 aufhören "to stop" splits, with auf moving after the verb. hört is the form for telling several people you'd each call du what to do.

🇩🇪 Blunt and strictly for family or close friends, typically siblings bickering. Said to a stranger or colleague it lands as rude.

💬 Literally "let me in peace": Ruhe means calm or quiet. You'll also see it on signs as Ruhe, bitte! "Quiet, please!".

💬 Personal news is usually plural in German, Neuigkeiten. One piece of news is eine Neuigkeit.

💬 im is a squashed form of in dem "in the", so this is literally "in earnest?". The same squashing happens all over everyday German: im Kino "at the cinema", im Moment "at the moment".

🇩🇪 This covers birthdays, weddings, new jobs and passed exams alike. For a birthday, Germans often add zum Geburtstag "on your birthday". Wishing it before the actual day is widely considered bad luck.