Basic greetings: Common greetings

💬 Spanish usually includes the subject in the verb, so [¿cómo estás?] already means "how are you?" without needing [tú]. Same pattern: [¿cómo estás?] vs. [¿cómo está?] for a more formal "how are you?".

💬 [te llamas] literally works like "you call yourself," which is how Spanish asks someone's name. You can reuse the pattern with other people: [¿cómo se llama?] = "what's his/her/your name?"

💬 The ending changes with the speaker: a man says [Encantado], a woman says [Encantada]. The same change happens in many describing words: [cansado] / [cansada].