Asking about someones family: Asking if someone has brothers or sisters

💬 Literally "more old": mais in front of a describing word makes the "-er" form. Same with mais alto "taller".

💬 For people, novo means "young", so mais novo is "younger". It also means "new" for things, as in carro novo "new car".

💬 The -s endings (velhos, novos) are there because "they" are more than one. In Portugal a final s sounds like English "sh": (VEL-yoosh).

💬 In Portugal you normally put o or a before "my": o meu irmão, a minha irmã. Leaving it out sounds Brazilian.

💬 No word for "he" is needed; é alone means "he is" or "she is", depending on context.

💬 The ending matches the person: mais nova for a sister, mais novo for a brother.

💬 tu is the informal "you" used with friends, family and people your age.

🇵🇹 In Portugal tu is for people you know well or peers; with older strangers or in shops, use e o senhor? or e a senhora? instead.

💬 ão is nasal, said through the nose, roughly (nowng). It's not "no" with an English o.

💬 A woman says sou filha única. Note sou (from ser) is used, since being an only child is a lasting fact.

🇵🇹 The everyday Portuguese reaction of mild surprise, used all the time in conversation. A sério! without the question can also mean "Seriously!" for emphasis.

💬 There's no word for "it" here: gostas? alone means "do you like it?". The -s ending shows you're talking to someone as tu.

💬 que before a describing word works like "how" or "what": Que pena! "What a shame!".

💬 Ter de + an action means "have to": tenho de trabalhar "I have to work". In Portugal you'll also hear ter que with the same meaning.

💬 até means "until", so you can swap in any time: até logo "see you later", até sexta "see you Friday".

🇵🇹 A very common, warm goodbye in Portugal, heard from shop staff, colleagues and neighbours alike. Reply with Igualmente! "Likewise!".